by Radiation Detection
Benefits of OSL Dosimeters
OSL (Optically Stimulated Luminescence) dosimeters are known for their exceptional durability. These dosimeters are designed to withstand various challenging conditions with minimal damage. They are highly resistant to temperature extremes, whether it is exposure to high or low temperatures or sudden fluctuations in temperature. Unlike TLD (Thermoluminescent Dosimeter) crystals, OSL badges are significantly less prone to damage from moisture and humidity. One of the impressive features of OSL badges is their ruggedness. Dropping an OSL dosimeter usually does not lead to any damage, as long as the plastic case remains intact. These dosimeters are also capable of enduring high humidity levels, extreme heat and cold, and sudden temperature changes. OSL badges can even be submerged in water for long periods of time, which means they can handle being accidentally put through a washer and dryer without being affected. On the other hand, TLD dosimeters are comparatively more delicate. They are more susceptible to damage caused by high or low temperatures, sudden changes in temperature, moisture, and humidity. If a TLD dosimeter becomes damaged, it generally needs to be replaced. Over time, the costs of these replacements can accumulate, which can be a significant consideration. One important aspect to note is that there is a risk associated with wearing a damaged dosimeter. If an employee continues to wear a damaged dosimeter, there is a possibility that their doses will not be accurately recorded. This could potentially lead to inaccurate monitoring and evaluation of their radiation exposure. Therefore, when it comes to durability, OSL dosimeters are generally considered to be much more resilient and durable compared to TLD dosimeters. Their ability to withstand various harsh conditions and potential accidents makes them a reliable choice for radiation monitoring.
The read method for OSL (Optically Stimulated Luminescence) dosimeters involves using light in a non-destructive manner. In contrast, TLD (Thermoluminescent Dosimetry) dosimeters are read using heat in a destructive process. It should be noted that reading a TLD dosimeter releases the trapped energy, resetting the crystal back to zero and making it impossible to re-read.
Lower Limits of Radiation Detection
The lower limit of detection (LLD) is a crucial factor when selecting a dosimeter, as it determines the minimum level of radiation exposure that the dosimeter can accurately measure. This is particularly important in ensuring that any potentially harmful doses of radiation are not missed. Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) dosimeters and Thermoluminescent Dosimeters (TLD) have specific considerations regarding their LLD. OSL dosimeters typically have a lower LLD compared to TLD dosimeters. OSL dosimeters can have an LLD as low as 1-10 μSv (microsievert), while TLD dosimeters usually have a higher LLD, often above 10 μSv. A lower LLD is advantageous because it reduces the likelihood of missing even small doses of radiation during a given wear period. This is important for adhering to the As Low As Reasonably Achievable (ALARA) principle, which aims to minimize radiation exposure to the lowest possible level. To illustrate the significance of a lower LLD, let’s consider an example. Suppose an x-ray technician wears a dosimeter with an LLD of 10 μSv and is exposed to 9 μSv of radiation each month. If the reported dose is determined solely by the dosimeter’s LLD, it would be labeled as “minimal” each month. However, over a year, the accumulated missed dose could reach up to 100 μSv (9 μSv * 12 months = 108 μSv). This accumulation of missed doses might eventually exceed the ALARA limits, potentially posing health risks. It’s important to note that while some dosimeters may advertise an LLD below 10 μSv, particularly in the case of TLD dosimeters, the precision of measurement at such low levels of exposure tends to decline. This suggests that relying on dosimeters with lower LLDs might yield less accurate results for doses below 10 μSv under routine conditions. Therefore, caution should be exercised when considering dosimeters with excessively low LLDs. In summary, the LLD for OSL dosimeters can be as low as 1-10 μSv, while for TLD dosimeters, it is typically higher, often above 10 μSv. A lower LLD is important in accurately measuring radiation exposure and preventing potential health risks from missed doses. However, it’s essential to consider the precision of dosimeters at very low dose levels when selecting devices with particularly low LLDs.
by Radiation Detection
The short answer is YES! Keeping records of cumulative radiation exposure is crucial for several reasons, particularly for healthcare workers regularly exposed to radiation. By tracking and documenting the lifetime radiation dose, healthcare facilities can ensure their employees’ safety and well-being while complying with regulations set forth by organizations such as OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration). One primary reason for keeping records is to monitor the level of radiation exposure over time. Cumulative radiation exposure refers to the total amount of radiation an individual has been exposed to throughout their lifetime. By maintaining accurate records, healthcare workers can assess their current level of radiation exposure and take necessary precautions to minimize any potential health risks associated with excessive radiation.
Can It Protect Me from Potential Lawsuits?
Additionally, keeping track of cumulative radiation exposure allows healthcare facilities to comply with OSHA regulations. OSHA sets specific guidelines and standards regarding occupational exposure to ionizing radiation. These guidelines protect workers from potential health hazards associated with prolonged or excessive exposure. We suggest that these records be kept safe for an indefinite amount of time. Providing you have followed the guidelines and have kept proper documentation; it could help protect you and your practice. Furthermore, comprehensive records enable healthcare professionals to make informed decisions about work assignments and scheduling. By understanding each worker’s cumulative dose, employers can ensure that individuals are within recommended limits and reaching potentially harmful levels.
We have seen firsthand where doctors’ offices do not keep track of the radiation exposure of their employees. At a vet show, a woman told us she never takes the precautions outlined and does not wear a dosimeter badge or ring when using the x-ray equipment. When asked how long she had been doing her job, she said, “About 15 years”. She further said that she is in the operatory holding the animal when X-rays are being done. As an office manager or owner of a practice, it is important that your employees wear personal dosimeter badges and you keep good records.
References:
1. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). (n.d.). Ionizing Radiation.
Retrieved from https://www.osha.gov/SLTC/radiationionizing/index.html
2. National Council on Radiation Protection & Measurements (NCRP). (2019). NCRP Report No.
184: Medical Radiation Exposure of Patients in the United States.
Retrieved from https://ncrponline.org/shop/reports/report-no-185-evaluating-and-communicating-radiation-risks-for-studies-involving-human-subjects-guidance-for-researchers-and-institutional-review-boards-2020/
by Radiation Detection
Radiation shielding utilized in medical offices is essential to ensuring the safety and well-being of patients and staff. With the growing use of X-rays, nuclear medicine, and other diagnostic imaging techniques, selecting suitable materials to block radiation and protect individuals from potential harm is crucial.
What is Radiation?
Radiation is a form of energy emitted by unstable atoms as they decay or transform into more stable forms. There are two main types of radiation: ionizing and non-ionizing. Ionizing radiation includes alpha, beta, gamma, and X-rays, while non-ionizing radiation comprises radio waves, microwaves, and visible light.
Ionizing radiation is particularly hazardous because it has enough energy to ionize atoms, potentially causing damage to DNA and other molecules within cells. This damage can lead to mutations, cancer, organ failure, and other severe health issues. As a result, it is crucial to protect individuals from excessive exposure to ionizing radiation.
Types of Radiation Shielding Materials
Traditional Lead (Pb) Shielding
Many medical offices utilize lead in their shielding with garments, shielding, and lead-lined walls. Lead is a dense, soft, and corrosion-resistant material widely used as a radiation shield for many years. Its high density makes it an effective barrier against X-rays and gamma rays. However, lead is not as effective in blocking alpha and beta radiation. Lead shielding materials are available in various forms, such as aprons, blankets, sheets, and bricks, and offer different levels of protection depending on the thickness.
Lead Composite Shielding
Lead composite materials combine lead and other lighter metals, such as tin, rubber, PVC vinyl, and proprietary attenuating metals (these materials may be reinforced with barriers). These materials are lighter (up to 25%) than traditional lead shielding and offer similar levels of protection. Lead composite shielding is available in garments such as aprons, vests, skirts, thyroid collars, and sheets. Always check with your RSO and contractor to ensure the correct materials are used.
Non-Lead (Pb) and Lead-Free Shielding
Non-lead and lead-free shielding materials are an environmentally friendly and recyclable alternative to traditional lead-based materials. These materials are composed of heavy metals, such as tin (Sn), antimony (Sb), tungsten (W), and bismuth (Bi), which absorb or block radiation. Non-lead shielding materials offer similar levels of protection as lead-based materials and are available in garments, sheets, bricks, and other forms.
Selecting the Right Radiation Shielding Material
Choosing the suitable radiation shielding material for the medical office depends on several factors, including the type of radiation present, the frequency and duration of exposure, and the specific procedures performed. Here are some tips to help make an informed decision:
Assess the Type and Level of Radiation Exposure
Determine the types of radiation in the medical office and the levels of exposure that staff and patients may experience. Then, consult a radiation safety officer or physicist to select the appropriate shielding material for specific needs.
Consider the Frequency and Duration of Procedures
The frequency and duration of ionizing radiation procedures will impact the type of shielding material needed. For example, if the medical office frequently performs X-rays or other diagnostic imaging procedures, it may require a more robust and durable shielding material.
Evaluate the Comfort and Ease of Use
Comfort and ease of use are critical factors when selecting radiation shielding materials, particularly for staff-worn garments. Lightweight materials, such as lead composite or non-lead shielding, can be more comfortable and easier to wear than lead-based materials.
Factor in Environmental and Disposal Concerns
Lead is a hazardous substance that requires special disposal precautions. If environmental concerns are a priority for the medical office, consider using non-lead or lead-free shielding materials, as they are recyclable and safe for non-hazardous disposal.
Radiation Shielding Applications in Medical Offices
Radiation shielding materials can be used in various applications within medical offices to protect staff and patients from ionizing radiation exposure. Some typical applications include:
Diagnostic Imaging
X-rays, computed tomography (CT) scans, and other diagnostic imaging procedures often involve ionizing radiation. Therefore, ensuring that both patients and technicians have proper protection is essential. Lead aprons, vests, and thyroid collars can protect against direct and scatter radiation during imaging procedures.
Nuclear Medicine
Nuclear medicine involves the use of radioactive isotopes for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Therefore, proper shielding is necessary to protect staff and patients from radiation exposure. Lead-lined storage containers, syringe shields, and waste disposal containers can minimize the risk of contamination.
Radiation Therapy
Radiation therapy uses high-energy ionizing radiation to treat cancer and other diseases. Therefore, appropriate shielding is crucial to protect patients and staff from exposure. Lead shielding materials, including aprons and thyroid collars, can help protect individuals during treatment.
Dental Offices
Dental offices often use X-rays for diagnostic purposes, requiring patient and staff protection. Lead aprons, thyroid collars, and lead-lined walls or partitions can help minimize radiation exposure in dental settings.
Implementing a Radiation Protection Program
Developing and implementing a radiation protection program is an essential best practice for protecting workers from ionizing radiation. A radiation protection program may include the following:
Designation of a Radiation Safety Officer (RSO)
An RSO is a qualified expert, such as a health physicist, responsible for overseeing and managing a medical office’s radiation protection policies and procedures. As always, for any specific questions about shielding or dosimeter badge use, always check with your RSO.
Establishment of a Radiation Safety Committee
A radiation safety committee should include the RSO, a management representative, and workers who work with radiation-producing equipment, radiation sources, or radioactive materials.
Equipment Registration and Licensing
Ensure radiation-producing equipment and radiation sources are registered and licensed according to federal and state regulatory requirements.
Implement a personal dosimetry program to monitor and record radiation exposure levels for staff working with ionizing radiation. Radiationsafety.com offers the best prices along with the most accurate technology.
Training and Education
Provide ongoing training and education for staff on radiation safety, physics, and best practices for protecting against radiation exposure.
Conclusion
Protecting medical office staff and patients from ionizing radiation is critical for maintaining a safe and healthy environment. By understanding the different types of radiation shielding materials available and assessing specific needs, you can select the best option for the medical office. Implementing a comprehensive radiation protection program will help ensure the safety of everyone involved and minimize the risks associated with ionizing radiation exposure. Check the FDA guidelines for the latest update on what is required, and consult with your RSO.
by Radiation Detection
What is a dosimeter badge or radiation detection badge?
What is a dosimeter or radiation detection badge? A radiation dosimeter badge, also known as an x-ray badge, are used by hospitals, labs, govt facilities, dentist, and vets. The passive dosimeter badge measures your radiation exposure from scatter ionizing radiation. The dosimeter badge identifies different radiation types, such as high-energy gamma, beta, or X-ray radiation. However, it cannot pick up on low-energy radiation from isotopes such as carbon-14, sulfur-35, or tritium1.
Radiation dosimeter badges do not protect you from radiation. Passive dosimeters calculate your total occupational radiation exposure so that your exposure stays within safe limits. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) outlines radiation thresholds above which radiation can become dangerous. These guidelines recommend radiation not exceeding 100 millisieverts (10 rem)2. Badges can help to ensure that your exposure does not exceed this amount.
This article will discuss the benefits of knowing your radiation exposure and how such information can help keep you safe at work.
Why should you wear a radiation detection badge?
Radiation can harm our tissues, primarily affecting our genetic material known as DNA. It damages DNA by breaking important bonds and water molecules in and around our DNA. When this occurs, free radicals are released. Free radicals are substances that can seriously injure your cells and organs3. Radiation is particularly harmful at higher doses. Though we receive low doses of radiation from our natural environment, we can also expose ourselves to radiation on the job. When exposed to radiation on the job, tracking your radiation dose to ensure that it is within safe limits is essential. High radiation doses increase your likelihood of radiation-associated health risks. For example, high radiation exposure has been linked to:
Wearing a radiation detection badge can also give you peace of mind that you are not putting yourself at risk while at work. For example, operating fluoroscopy units or X-ray machines may expose you to high-energy radiation. Likewise, you may be worried about the risks associated with your job and how your work may affect your cancer risk or other complications.
By wearing a radiation detection badge, you can know the amount of radiation you or your employees are exposed to while working. Having your employees wear badges helps minimize potential fraudulent lawsuits, as many healthcare workers who get cancer direct it back to radiation exposure in the workplace. Radiation detection badges do not just give peace of mind to employees who work around radiation but also to their employers. By utilizing badges and monitoring radiation appropriately, the likelihood of illness due to radiation exposure is low. When radiation is within safe limits, employees will be less likely to develop complications due to their work. Therefore, they will be less likely to sue their employer for a hazardous workplace. Additionally, having employees wear radiation detection badges ensures the employer does their due diligence to keep their workers safe.Order your x-ray badges today!
References
- Personal radiation dosimeter. (n.d.). Retrieved June 23, 2022, from https://www.uth.edu/safety/radiation-safety/personal-radiation-dosimeter.htm
- US EPA, O. (2014, November 12). Radiation health effects [Overviews and Factsheets]. https://www.epa.gov/radiation/radiation-health-effects
- CDC. (2015, December 7). Health effects of radiation: Health effects depend on the dose. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/radiation/dose.html
- CDC. (2021, August 9). Health effects of radiation. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/radiation/health.html